{"id":8842,"date":"2014-08-25T04:24:52","date_gmt":"2014-08-25T02:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vivesur.com\/wpblog\/?p=8842"},"modified":"2014-08-25T04:24:52","modified_gmt":"2014-08-25T02:24:52","slug":"william-c-c-chen-tai-chi-chuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/william-c-c-chen-tai-chi-chuan\/","title":{"rendered":"William C. C. Chen Tai Chi Chuan"},"content":{"rendered":"

William C. C. Chen Tai Chi Chuan
\n\"wpid-PastedGraphic2-2014-08-25-04-24.tiff\"<\/span>
\nAn Internal System<\/p>\n

from http:\/\/www.williamccchen.com\/<\/a>
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\nThe slow motion of T\u2019ai Chi Ch\u2019uan activates an internal energy (qi) flow in the fingers. When the (qi) flow gradually increases, the energized fingers gently move away from the palms in an outgoing motion, this contributes to forming a Tai Chi posture. When the energy flow slowly defuses, the fingers fold back and the palms descend inward and downward, as the posture dissolves.<\/p>\n

The energy qi is life energy that is inherent with our birth. A newly born baby with its arms swinging, feet kicking and crying is activating by their feeling of Qi. Chinese call it \u201cYuan-Qi\u201d (??); it is the original source of energy that is with us when we are born.<\/p>\n

Yuan-Qi is the energy source that is refined energy from the breath, blood and nutrient in our body, which is the energy that runs human body or machine. It is like gasoline that is a refined from crude oil. It becomes the fuel used in engines that move vehicles and industry machines. And the energy (qi) flow is directed by the feeling awareness of \u201cYi\u201d (?) in the heart.<\/p>\n

This is the Yuan-Qi that wakes us up from bed and moves us around to fulfill our daily obligation. Without the feeling from the heart to create the qi flow, our mind and body would be immobile. Life would be like a living death e.g., (in a coma or in a vegetative state).<\/p>\n

When we are sleeping, the body has no energy (qi) pressure inside. It is like a flat tire, and if anything crashes down, the body will be easily crushed. When we sit on the sofa, the inner pressure is like an under inflated tire. When we are standing up or walking around, the energy pressure inside the body is moderately relaxed, the same as the air in a properly pressurized tire.<\/p>\n

This internal energy (qi) is pressurized to help our body sit up, stand up, jump, punch and kick. The pressure changes of the energy (qi) in the body are controlled by the awareness of the feeling from the heart. This slowly increasing or decreasing awareness, results in the slow motion of Tai Chi Chuan. When awareness is sharply escalated, it can result in powerful quick punches and kicks. This is the same pressurized energy that trains the body to absorb punches and kicks. Chinese martial artists call it \u201ciron shirt\u201d (???).<\/p>\n

The awareness feeling generates and pressurizes the accumulation of (qi) flow to absorb the impact of the punch. No one is able to give punches or take punches while he or she is unconscious. In a boxing match, the unconscious boxer will be on the floor because the body has no qi pressure. The referee must step in to stop the fight. Whether or not the referee continues the match depends on whether or not the boxer regains consciousness.<\/p>\n

The conscious mind and body gives us the feeling awareness from the heart that is feeling heart. It is activating and generating the qi flow. A person without consciousness would have no feeling heart, which means there would be no (qi) to support his or her physical motion. Without qi, the body is like a ball without air. The unconscious boxer, is both unable to deliver punches and unable to absorb punches. Qi is the central principle for Chinese martial artists. Cultivating chi is the main objective of their daily training.<\/p>\n

Most eastern martial artists emphasize the internal power of (qi). The energy of (qi) is easy to inflate and exploitable energy in the body can create an outward compression, which is the energy (qi) expanding outward against resistance from outside. It is like the air pressurizing the tire against the rim that it can meet the resistant from the ground.<\/p>\n

Western martial artists emphasize the external muscle power. Muscles are able to create a contracting force to absorb resistance. Same as when weightlifters contract their muscles to hold the weight. They boost (qi) in the fingers to dash the weight half way up and to hold the weight in the air, at the same time they drop their body down and contract their whole body muscles to hold the weight.<\/p>\n

When we practice the movements, we should direct our feeling from the heart. Feeling creates emotion in the heart it converts that emotion into the moving fingers and toes. The fingers and toes are the remote extensions of feeling from the heart. When we talk the fingers move. When we are nervous or angry the fingers are clenched. The toes tense up and try to grip the floor without intention.<\/p>\n

In the slow movements of Tai Chi Chuan, the hands never move by themselves without the pressurized (qi). Tai Chi players often say that: (??????, ??????.) — In the movements of T\u2019ai Chi Ch\u2019uan, the hands do not move independently. If they do, the movements are not considered as Tai Chi Chuan. Every movement must be created by the pressurized (qi) flow.<\/p>\n

The slowly decreasing and increasing (qi) pressure results in the slow motion of the movements. As it applies to martial art aspect, the swift surge of the (qi) flow provides an explosive force into the fingers to deliver the knuckles for a quick punch, while the arm muscles stay relaxed. A quick punch requires a frictionless arm.<\/p>\n

All the motions of the palms are moved by the pressurized (qi) flow in the fingers and toes to form T\u2019ai Chi postures. Keeping the physical arm muscles loose is very important. The looser the arm muscles, the quicker a punch is delivered (????). The inner (qi) flow for action without activating tension in the muscles is the objective of T\u2019ai Chi Ch\u2019uan. Therefore, it is an internal martial art.<\/p>\n

Characteristics<\/p>\n

By William C. C. Chen<\/p>\n

November 2, 2006<\/p>\n

The principles of body mechanics are appropriate to the soft and slow unhurried Tai Chi movements; they help to relieve tense muscles and lubricate joints that promote automatic body alignment and a solid center of gravity. The mental concentration, deep breathing, relaxing, sinking and pressing, generates a marvelous inner energy flow throughout the system, resulting in the movements of Tai Chi Chuan.<\/p>\n

Loosening the tense muscles and joints animates one\u2019s daily activities, enhances athletes to have a quick physical action and reflexes in their competition; and helps martial artists obtain higher speed and power of punches and kicks.<\/p>\n

The basic Yang Style Tai Chi way of combat training is done in slow motion, eliminating mistakes and bad habits; it is a similar manner to that of a beginner typist. Slow and deliberate motion training conserves energy and gets the job done well. It is also an excellent way of daily working out for Western boxers, and for practitioners of any other style of martial arts or sports.<\/p>\n

To prepare for a serious martial art match or any sport competitions, muscle power is required, and muscle training is needed. There are many ways to build up muscles, such as running, jumping, weight lifting, punching and kicking, or hitting the heavy bags. Ring fighters need strong muscles in order to produce powerful actions.<\/p>\n

Bigger muscles can deal with stronger resistance for the impact. Muscles are like tires. We use regular-size tires for regular cars, bigger and thicker tires for trucks. We cannot use automobile tires for jumbo jet!<\/p>\n

Muscles are like tires, in that too much or too little muscles are not good. The size and strength of muscles depends on the resistance that is met or dealt with. The soft movements of Tai Chi Chuan do not meet any resistance, and do not require big muscles: the movements rely on the inner pressurized energy flow to form the posture.<\/p>\n

These rhythmic, soft and slow movements are like ocean waves. They push and merge into one another, creating a continuous flow of energy, seemingly with no beginning and no end. This gentle and unhurried motion of Tai Chi Chuan helps to regulate the nervous system, relieve muscular tension, reduces anxiety, stress and depression. It is an optimistic result of mental\/physical fitness and spiritual well being.<\/p>\n

Full exhalation increases lung capacity for incoming oxygen. The high level oxygen is presented into the body, gives us adequate energy to optimize metabolism and remove toxic wastes from the tissues. The more oxygen we have in our system, the more energy we produce and the healthier we will be.<\/p>\n

Practicing the solo movements with relaxed mind and body helps loosen the organs, lymph system and tense muscles. This helps energy flow evenly and thoroughly throughout our entire body\u2019s respiratory system. It limits sickness, removes life-threatening diseases, and amplifies the immune system. It creates a good circulation in the body, and can transform a miserable, sick person into a happy and healthy one.<\/p>\n

In order for us to be productive, healthy, and balanced, we should understand the importance of yielding and going with the flow of life. There are millions and millions of people around world who are enjoying the significant health benefit available by daily practicing the slow and “not in a hurry” motion of Tai Chi Chuan.<\/p>\n

Companies know that their success is dependent on the well being of their most valuable resource, their employees. Tai Chi Chuan meets the modern criteria for keeping employees healthy in mind, body and spirit. It can be inexpensively implemented while keeping employee productivity levels high.<\/p>\n

Tai Chi Chuan is best of the best exercises for physical fitness and overall psychological fit. It does not require any equipment, or a large space. Male or female, old or young, weak or strong, you will definitely receive great benefits by regularly and faithfully practicing Tai Chi Chuan, whether for your physical health, mental well being, or for the art of self-defense — even just for the joy of life.<\/p>\n

Medical Studies
\n\u201cMy objective is to make Tai Chi Chuan easy, simple, natural, enjoyable and productive.\u201d William C. C. Chen<\/p>\n

Recommended Reading<\/p>\n

BODY MECHANICS of TAI CHI CHUAN
\nby William C. C. Chen
\nPublished by William C. C. Chen
\n2 Washington Sq. Village – 10J
\nNew York, New York 10012
\nFirst Edition – 1973
\nPrintings
\n4th – 1989
\n5th – 1992
\n6th – 1994
\n7th – 1997
\n8th – 1999
\n9th – 2002<\/p>\n

CHINESE BOXING \/ MASTERS and METHODS
\nby Robert W. Smith
\nISBN 1-55643-085-X<\/p>\n

QIGONG – The Art and Science of Chinese Energy Healing
\nby Kenneth S. Cohen
\nPublished by Ballantine Books N.Y.C. 10022
\n4\/97<\/p>\n

Tai Chi Chuan and Blood Pressure<\/p>\n

(Reuters) – T\u2019ai chi – a slow, relaxed form of exercise with origins in ancient China – lowered people\u2019s blood pressure almost as well as moderate intensity aerobic exercise, according to a study presented recently at a meeting sponsored by the American Heart Association. \u201cYou better believe we were surprised by those results,\u201d one of the researchers, Dr. Deborah R.Young from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, MD said in a statement. \u201cWe were expecting to see significant changes in the aerobic exercise group and minimal changes in the T\u2019ai chi group<\/p>\n

The scientists studied 62 sedentary adults, aged 60 years and older, assigning half to a program of brisk walking and low-impact aerobics and the other half to learning T\u2019ai chi. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure (the first number in a blood pressure reading) had fallen significantly in both groups, an average of 8.4 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) in the aerobic exercise group and 7 mm Hg in the T\u2019ai chi group. \u201cIt could be that in elderly, sedentary people, just getting up and doing some slow movement could be associated with beneficial reductions in high blood pressure,\u201d Young theorizes.<\/p>\n

High blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke and heart attack. Young cautions that the results of her research need to be confirmed by studying a larger group of people. \u201cUntil we know more, I encourage people to go out and do brisk walking on a regular basis,\u201d she said. \u201cWe know it\u2019s associated with an attitude of health benefits.\u201d<\/p>\n

Two Studies by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) initiative, launched in 1990
\nThe two studies were the first involving Tai Chi to be reported by scientists in a special frailty reduction program sponsored by NIA Public Information Office.<\/p>\n

In the first study, Steven L. Wolf, Ph.D., and colleagues at the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., found that older people taking part in a 15-week Tai Chi program reduced their risk of falling by 47.5 percent.<\/p>\n

A second study, by Leslie Wolfson, M.D., and colleagues at the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, found that several interventions to improve balance and strength among older people were effective. These improvements, particularly in strength, were preserved over a 6-month period while participants did Tai Chi exercises.
\nWebpage: http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/nia\/new\/press\/taichi.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

From Harvard Medical School
\nPublished in the HARVARD HEALTH LETTER
\nVolume 21 Number 11 – September 1996 Issue
\n20TH ANNIVERSARY YEAR<\/p>\n

The following is an excerpt from the article \u201cInjury Prevention\u201d of this issue citing a study by the American Geriatric Society on Tai Chi:<\/p>\n

\u201c…Another promising way to prevent falls is exercise to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and reaction time.<\/p>\n

A study in the May 1996 issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society showed that Tai Chi — an ancient Chinese martial art that employs slow, precise movements — helped improve balance and strength among seniors. Those who underwent Tai Chi training for 15 weeks reduced their risk of falling by 47.5% compared with those who didn\u2019t take classes.<\/p>\n

Another major benefit was decreased fear of falling — a worry that often prevents older people from being as active as they\u2019d like…\u201d<\/p>\n

Additional article from Harvard Health Publications: https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/newsletters\/Harvard_Womens_Health_Watch\/2009\/May\/The-health-benefits-of-tai-chi?print=1<\/a><\/p>\n

From University of California, Berkeley
\nWellness Letter The Newsletter of Nutrition, Fitness & Stress Management
\nVolume 15, Issue 2 November 1998 From the School of Public Health<\/p>\n

Tai Chi: smooth, balanced, low-impact<\/p>\n

Though it originated as a self-defense technique, tai chi chuan (or simply tai chi, pronounced tie-jee) has been practiced in China for centuries as an art form, religious ritual, relaxation technique, and exercise for people of all ages, even those in their eighties and nineties. Tai chi chuan literally means \u201cgrand ultimate fist,\u201d but most people today do not practice it as a martial art. Across America and Canada thousands of people perform the slow, balanced, low-impact movements of tai chi, generally as a means of improving flexibility and balance, strengthening muscles, and reducing stress.<\/p>\n

Tai Chi involves dozens of dance like postures, performed in sequences known as \u201cforms\u201d or \u201csets,\u201d derived from animal postures (such as the snake, dragon, or tiger). At first glance it resembles karate in slow motion or swimming in air. In fact, it is based on the concept of withstanding aggression without force—yielding to a blow and using an attacker\u2019s momentum against him. It calls for concentration, controlled breathing, balanced shifting of body weight, and muscle relaxation—thus it is often called \u201cmoving meditation.\u201d Though tai chi movements are slow, they can provide a fairly intense workout.<\/p>\n

Under Western eyes: the latest research<\/p>\n

Here are some of the potential health benefits of tai chi:<\/p>\n

Flexibility: The choreographed exercises gently take your joints through their full range of motion. Studies show that the controlled movements can be helpful for people with arthritis (but they should check with their doctors before starting any exercise program).<\/p>\n

Physical therapy: Some research has found that tai chi can be a form of physical therapy and aid in the recovery of injuries.<\/p>\n

Balance: The smooth, slow movements help instill physical confidence and may enhance balance and coordination.<\/p>\n

Strengthening: Tai chi helps tone muscles in the lower body, especially the thighs, buttocks and calves.<\/p>\n

Posture: Your head, neck, and spine are usually aligned, thus relieving strain on the neck and lower back.<\/p>\n

Relaxation: Tai Chi can have some of the same psychological benefits of yoga. The concentration on the body\u2019s fluid motion and on breathing helps many people relax, and can relieve tension and anxiety.<\/p>\n

Lower blood pressure: Though studies have had conflicting results, a recent study presented at the American Heart Association meeting found that 12 weeks of tai chi resulted in a small but significant drop in blood pressure in older people.<\/p>\n

Tai chi requires no special clothing or equipment and can be done even in a small space. The best way to learn tai chi is in a class from an experienced instructor who can guide you through the positions. Tai chi classes are often available at the Y, health clubs, colleges, and adult education programs. Check the Yellow Pages under \u201cmartial arts instruction.\u201d Books and videos may also be helpful, though these seldom can take the place of a n instructor. It takes year to become adept at tai chi, but within a few weeks you can learn several movements or positions.<\/p>\n

Second thoughts. A few researchers claim that tai chi can provide a cardiovascular workout as good as jogging. But any such benefit is likely to be minimal. Do some aerobic exercise along with your tai chi.<\/p>\n

TUFTS UNIVERSITY
\nHealth & Nutrition Letter – YOUR GUIDE TO LIVING HEALTHIER LONGER
\nVolume 17, Issue 10 December 1999, Volume 17, Number 10
\nFITNESS FORUM A No-Sweat Exercise with Multiple Benefits<\/p>\n

Imagine participation in a fitness study turning out so enjoyable that the subjects decide to get together o their to get together on their own to continue the activity once the research itself comes to an end. That\u2019s what happened at the conclusion of a 15-week Tai Chi study conducted at Emory University in Atlanta several years ago. Dozens of men and women in their 70\u2019s and older so enjoyed learning Tai Chi graceful movements that improve balance that they kept meeting by themselves.<\/p>\n

The Emory University researchers were happy, too. They found that those people who learned to perform Tai Chi were almost 50 percent less likely to suffer falls within a given time frame than subjects who simply received feedback from a computer screen on how much they swayed as they stood. That\u2019s no small thing. Each year, almost one in three people over 65 takes a fall. And fall survivors suffer great declines in activities of daily living than non-fallers and are also at greater risk of institutionalization.<\/p>\n

But Tai Chi does more than help prevent falls. Research suggests that it also improves heart and lung function; reduces the body\u2019s levels of cortisol (a stress hormone\u201d; and improves confidence. Now a new study, conducted at John Hopkins University in Baltimore, indicates that it can also lower systolic blood pressure, the first number in a blood pressure reading.<\/p>\n

People between the ages of 60 and 80 with moderately high blood pressure were instructed to engage either in low impact aerobic dance or Tai Chi Several times a week. The Tai Chi Group, it turned out, lowered their systolic blood pressure by an average of 7 points—just a point less than the aerobics group.<\/p>\n

And they did it without even working up a sweat, even though they were medically obese and lived sedentary lives. Tai Chi barely raises the heart rate.<\/p>\n

Just What Is Tai Chi?
\nPracticed by the Chinese for centuries, Tai Chi is a series of slow movements, or forms, that flow one into the other. As you progress through the gentle, graceful forms—which have names like \u201cWhite Crane Spreads Its Wings\u201d and \u201cStep Up to Seven Stars\u201d—you end up almost standing on one leg. (Older learners often start by holding onto a chair while moving in their environment.\u201d explains Steven Wolf, PHD, en Emory University researcher and physical therapist. That\u2019s extremely important. As we age, the brain\u2019s ability to process multiple tasks simultaneously diminishes. For example, it becomes harder to walk down a hallway with someone, engage in conversation, and step over a loose cord all at once. But Tai Chi raises awareness of how the body moves and thereby helps people focus on their relationship to their physical environment in everyday situations.<\/p>\n

How to Learn Tai Chi
\nYour local \u201cY,\u201d health club, or senior citizens center probably offers a Tai Chi class. Dr. Wolf says there are tow things you should do before signing on. First, find out whether the instructor has had experience doing Tai Chi with older people. There are rigorous forms that are not appropriate for folks who are not confident about their balance. Second, get a physician\u2019s approval. While Tai Chi is not physically demanding, it can be somewhat postural demanding. A primary care physician should know whether a patient is taking medications that could interfere with balance or has a condition that might make a series of Tai Chi movements unadvisable.<\/p>\n

Health Benefits, Tai Chi Linked<\/p>\n

New research from Tufts finds the ancient practice of tai chi may actually help improve health.<\/p>\n

Boston [04-28-04] The two thousand year old practice of tai chi a combination of martial arts movements and deep breathing has been used for generations in China to release energy and negative feelings. But an effort by Tufts to review the body of research on tai chi finds that the ancient practice may also be linked with a variety of other health benefits from flexibility to cardiovascular health.<\/p>\n

Using 47 studies on tai chi in English and Chinese medical journals, Tufts Dr. Chenchen Wang a physician at Tufts-New England Medical Center analyzed the effect of the practice on healthy people as well as those with assorted health conditions.<\/p>\n

Overall, these studies reported that long-term tai chi had favorable effects on the promotion of balance control, flexibility and cardiovascular fitness and reduced the risk of falls in the elderly, said Wang, an assistant professor of medicine at Tufts. Benefit was also found for balance, strength and flexibility in older subjects; and pain, stress and anxiety in healthy subjects.<\/p>\n

Wang and colleagues concluded that tai chi is generally a safe exercise, and one that may be most beneficial for older adults, including those who suffer from arthritis, high blood pressure, multiple sclerosis and other conditions.<\/p>\n

The sickly elderly who participated in the program also showed improved balance, strength, and flexibility and fewer falls, reported the Jerusalem Post.<\/p>\n

While the study funded in part by the National Institutes of Health provided insight into links between tai chi and improved health, it left some unanswered questions, including which mechanisms were responsible for tai chis apparent health benefits.<\/p>\n

Despite its popularity, the biological mechanisms and clinical effects of tai chi are not well understood, Wang and colleagues wrote. The long-term effects of tai chi practice are still unknown, and there is insufficient information to recommend tai chi to patients with chronic conditions.<\/p>\n

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise<\/p>\n

Effect of 4- and 8-wk Intensive Tai Chi Training on Balance Control in the Elderly.
\nMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36(4):648-657, April 2004.
\nTSANG, WILLIAM W.N.; HUI-CHAN, CHRISTINA W.Y.
\nAbstract:<\/p>\n

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine whether 4 and\/or 8 wk of intensive Tai Chi practice could improve balance control in the healthy elderly subjects.
\nMethods: Forty-nine community-dwelling elderly subjects (aged 69.1 +\/- SD 5.8 yr) voluntarily participated in an intervention program of either supervised Tai Chi or general education for 1.5 h, 6x wk-1 for 8 wk. Two balance tests were administered using computerized dynamic posturography before, at 4 and 8 wk during training, and at 4 wk after training ended: 1) the sensory organization test measured subjects\u2019 abilities to use somatosensory, visual, and vestibular information to control their body sway during stance under six sensory conditions; and 2) the limits of stability test measured subjects\u2019 abilities to voluntarily weight shift to eight spatial positions within their base of support. These outcome measures were compared between the two intervention groups, and with those of experienced Tai Chi practitioners having means of 7.2 and 10.1 yr of practice from two previous studies.
\nResults: Statistical analysis demonstrated that, after 4 and 8 wk of intensive Tai Chi training, the elderly subjects achieved significantly better 1) vestibular ratio in the sensory organization test (P = 0.006) and 2) directional control of their leaning trajectory in the limits of stability test (P = 0.018), when compared with those of the control group. These improvements were maintained even at follow-up 4 wk afterward. Furthermore, the improved balance performance from week 4 on was comparable to that of experienced Tai Chi practitioners.
\nConclusions: The above findings indicated that even 4 wk of intensive Tai Chi training are sufficient to improve balance control in the elderly subjects.
\n(C)2004The American College of Sports Medicine<\/p>\n

Effects of Tai Chi on Joint Proprioception and Stability Limits in Elderly Subjects.
\nMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 35(12):1962-1971, December 2003.
\nTSANG, WILLIAM W. N.; HUI-CHAN, CHRISTINA W. Y.
\nAbstract:<\/p>\n

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine whether elderly Tai Chi practitioners have developed better knee joint proprioception and standing balance control than control subjects.
\nMethods: Tai Chi and control subjects (N = 21 each, aged 69.4 +\/- SD 5.5 and 72.3 +\/- 6.1 yr, respectively) were matched with respect to age, sex, and physical activity level. Passive knee joint repositioning was used to test joint proprioceptive acuity. Control of body sway during static standing and subjects\u2019 intentional weight shifting to eight different spatial limits of stability within their base of support were conducted using force platform measurements.
\nResult: Tai Chi practitioners were found to have better knee joint proprioceptive acuity, in that they made less absolute angle error (2.1 +\/- 1.2[degrees]) than control subjects (4.0 +\/- 3.4[degrees], with P = 0.023) in passive knee joint repositioning. No significant difference was found in the anteroposterior and mediolateral body sway during static standing (P > 0.05). However, Tai Chi practitioners initiated voluntary weight shifting in the limits of stability test more quickly (reaction time: 0.8 +\/- 0.2 s for Tai Chi practitioners) than control subjects (1.1 +\/- 0.3 s; P = 0.008). Moreover, they could lean further without losing stability (maximum excursion: 5.2 +\/- 0.6% for Tai Chi practitioners and 4.6 +\/- 0.5% for control subjects; P = 0.001) and showed better control of their leaning trajectory (directional control: 75.9 +\/- 10.0% for Tai Chi practitioners and 68.5 +\/- 6.9% for control subjects; P = 0.008).
\nConclusions: These results demonstrate that long-term Tai Chi practitioners had improved knee joint proprioception and expanded their limits of stability during weight shifting in stance.
\n(C)2003The American College of Sports Medicine<\/p>\n

The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on the Autonomic Nervous Modulation in Older Persons.
\nMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 35(12):1972-1976, December 2003.
\nLU, WAN-AN 1 2; KUO, CHENG-DENG 1 3
\nAbstract:<\/p>\n

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on the autonomic nervous modulation in older persons.
\nMethods: Twenty TCC practitioners and 20 normal controls were included in this study. The stationary state spectral heart rate variability (HRV) measures between TCC practitioners and normal controls, and the sequential changes in HRV measures after classical Yang\u2019s TCC were compared.
\nResults: The total power, very low-frequency power, low-frequency power, normalized low-frequency power, and low-\/high-frequency power ratios in TCC practitioners were all significantly higher than those of normal controls, whereas the heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not different between these two groups of subjects. After TCC, the normalized high-frequency power increased significantly from 22.8 +\/- 14.6 normalized units (nu) before TCC to 28.2 +\/- 16.1 nu 30 min after TCC and to 30.6 +\/- 18.4 nu 60 min after TCC. In contrast, the low-\/high-frequency power ratio decreased significantly from 2.5 +\/- 2.4 before TCC to 1.8 +\/- 1.4 30 min after TCC and to 2.2 +\/- 2.9 60 min after TCC. The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and pulse pressure also decreased sequentially after TCC.
\nConclusion: The short-term effect of TCC was to enhance the vagal modulation and tilt the sympathovagal balance toward deceased sympathetic modulation in older persons. TCC might be good health-promoting calisthenics for older persons.<\/p>\n

(C)2003The American College of Sports Medicine
\nTai Chi for Balance Study<\/p>\n

Timothy C. Hain, MD, Last revised: 4\/2002<\/p>\n

STUDY: N.I.H. Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM). \u201cTai Chi for Balance Disorders.\u201d 1993-1994, Reference # 1R21RR09535-01. Site, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. Sponsoring Institution: Northwestern University, Chicago Illinois, USA. Principal Investigator: T. C. Hain, MD. Other investigators: J. Kotsias, Lynne Fuller (PT), L. Weil (PT)<\/p>\n

Our aim was to determine if eight weeks of daily practice of an alternative health care exercise, T\u2019ai Chi, can significantly improve balance of persons with mild balance disorders. We studied 22 persons with stable and mild balance disorders, with numbers distributed equally between 3 age groups : 20-44, 46-60, and 61 and beyond. We evaluated efficacy of T\u2019ai Chi through comparison of functional tests of balance (Romberg, Duncan Reach Test, Moving Platform Posturography) and self-reports of balance and falls (Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) questionnaire, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire), obtained prior to and following the T\u2019ai Chi course.<\/p>\n

The Tai Chi movements that we used were selected from several different schools of T\u2019ai Chi and included the following sequence: Hold the Ball (Wu style), Turning the Wheel (Yang style, as illustrated to the right), Brush Knee and Twist Step (Yang style), Step Back to Repulse Monkey (Yang style), Walking the Circle (Pa-Kua style), Kick heel to left and right (Wu style), Partition of the Wild Horse\u2019s Mane (Wu style), Hold the Ball.
\nRESULTS<\/p>\n

Highly significant improvements were noted in posturography (average score improved from 59.5 to 64.3) and the MOS and DHI tests. An insignificant improvement was found in the Romberg test (although there was a strong trend). There was no effect on the Duncan reach test scores. Improvements were found in all age groups.
\nCONCLUSION:<\/p>\n

Eight weeks of T\u2019ai Chi was associated with significant improvement in balance.
\nMORE INFORMATION: http:\/\/www.tchain.com\/taichi\/default.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan<\/p>\n

The Yang Style Tai chi chuan Form is unlike other forms. It is a series of slow, continuous and even flowing movements that can be practiced by people of all ages.<\/p>\n

Imagine how happy you would feel if each new day brought you plenty of energy for all of lifes duties and responsibilities.<\/p>\n

Do you have sufficient energy to accomplish all you want to accomplish?<\/p>\n

If you could become the creative person you always wanted to be?<\/p>\n

Yang Style Tai Chi Chuan can help you experience the changes you seek. Daily Tai Chi practice can transform a ready supply of energy. Our bodies are made up of food and water, a delicate balance of the five elements. Regular practice can become powerful and practical mechanism to increase your inner reserves of energy.<\/p>\n

We can show you how a 15 to 30 minutes of low impact exercise daily can mean an improvement in joint mobility and muscle flexibility; and improvement in the circulation of lymphatic and venous fluids; better assimilation of nutrients and the elimination of toxins; a reduction of stress; and a better overall flow of energy through the entire body.<\/p>\n

Tai Chi for stress reduction, better focus and concentration, increased flexibility, improved strength, enhanced immune system, balance, improved memory, improved circulation and coordination.<\/p>\n

Movement & breathing may help the following conditions. Always check with your health care professional: Arthritis, Allergies, Osteoporosis, Hypertension, Anxiety, Fatigue, Depression, Back Pain, Post Surgery Recovery, Muscle Tension and Spasm, Poor Circulation, Stroke Recovery, Asthma, Stress Reduction<\/p>\n

Yang Short Form – 60 Movements
\nThe Short Form in particular is easy to learn; with proper instruction and practice, it\u2019s a recognized form of therapy, an effective alternative to regular calisthenics and stress management. It requires very little space and no special attire. Due to the ever growing popularity and demand for the Yang Short Form, we therefore have had ongoing classes here in Chelsea since 1965.<\/p>\n

\"wpid-PastedGraphic1-2014-08-25-04-24.tiff\"<\/span>
\nWilliam C. C. Chen Tai Chi Chuan<\/p>\n

Martial Arts Links<\/p>\n

www.google.com\/search?q=william+c+c+chen&hl=en&start=40&sa=N<\/a>
\nNIA – Tai Chi for Older People
\nLaura Stone\u2019s TaiChi Page (Netherlands)
\nPeter Herman\u2019s Tai Chi Pages (PA)
\nwww.the-taichi-center.com<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.taichicorner.net<\/a>
\n The Patience Tai Chi Association (NY)
\n www.taichi.nl<\/a> (Netherlands)
\n www.taichichuan-hemsbach.de<\/a>
\n Rick Barrett (NYC)
\nwww.chinalink.de\/taiji<\/a>
\n www.enhancingbalance.com<\/a> (WI)
\n www.qigonghealing.com<\/a> (CO)
\n www.taichi-luismolera.de<\/a> (Germany)
\n www.williamchen-forum.de<\/a> (Germany)
\nwww.taichihealth.com<\/a> (WI)
\nwww.greatharmonytaichi.com<\/a>
\n www.southshoreinternalarts.com<\/a>
\n www.taiji-duesseldorf.de<\/a> (Germany)
\n www.askjeeves.com\/main\/askjeeves.asp?ask=William+C+C+Chen&o=0&x=19&y=18<\/a>
\n www.bujinkan.nl<\/a> (Netherlands)
\n The Shi Zhong Association Taiwan (Chinese)
\n Master Ju Hong Bin\u2019s Website (Chinese)
\nhttp:\/\/www.taichichuan-hemsbach.de\/links.htm<\/a>
\nwww.martialartsny.com<\/a>
\n www.enhancingbalance.com<\/a>
\n Josh Waitzkin\u2019s Website
\n www.tai-chi-studio.de<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.usawkf.org\/home.htm<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.wretch.cc\/blog\/youngzen<\/a> (John Tao\u2019s Website in Taiwan)
\nwww.push-hands.de<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2005\/12\/051206163517.htm<\/a> (Traditional Chinese Exercises Can Help Combat Diabetes)
\nwww.williamchen-forum.de<\/a>
\nwww.taiji-duesseldorf.de<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.greatharmonytaichi.com<\/a><\/p>\n

La mec\u00e1nica de Los Tres Clavos 99
\npor William C. C. Chen\"wpid-PastedGraphic6-2014-08-25-04-24.tiff\"<\/span>
\nLa ra\u00edz es elemental. Es al mismo tiempo base y fundamento, uno de los puntos m\u00e1s importantes en la vida. Un edificio bien construido debe tener una base fuerte y s\u00f3lida, una empresa con \u00e9xito necesita tambi\u00e9n una buena base, una planta sana requiere de una ra\u00edz sana, as\u00ed como para una perfecta fluidez del Tai Chi Chuan se debe tener una ra\u00edz firme y equilibrada. Sin una fuerte ra\u00edz, el cuerpo entero no puede estar relajado.
\nLa relajaci\u00f3n es la \u00faltima meta para un aficionado al tai chi chuan. Los movimientos suaves, lentos y armoniosos necesitan de una base firme y s\u00f3lida en el pie. Una vez que el pie est\u00e1 enraizado, el resto del cuerpo podr\u00e1 moverse libremente y permanecer relajado.
\nSi el pie est\u00e1 enraizado, estos tres puntos se agarran como tres clavos o tornillos penetrando el suelo. Sin una ra\u00edz fuerte, el cuerpo entero no se puede relajar, y la relajaci\u00f3n es uno de los m\u00e1s importantes motivos para todos los que practican Tai Chi Chuan. Si todo el pie est\u00e1 enraizado, los tres puntos en la medial o parte interna cobran una extrema importancia. El primer punto es el dedo gordo del pie, los otros dos puntos son la parte interna del tal\u00f3n y el nudillo m\u00e1s gordo, estos puntos est\u00e1n al lado contrario del empeine. Yo llamo a estos puntos “los tres clavos activos”. Cuando el pie est\u00e1 enraizado, estos tres puntos se agarran como tres clavos penetrando la tierra. Si los tres clavos activos est\u00e1n fuertemente asegurados al suelo, el cuerpo y la mente se relajan. En los movimientos del Tai Chi Chuan estos tres puntos est\u00e1n unidos con la l\u00ednea central que soporta el peso del tronco del cuerpo. Tambi\u00e9n tienen un papel muy activo y crucial en el desarrollo de nuestros movimientos diarios: al caminar, el pie enraizado con los tres clavos empuja al otro pie a dar un paso, ayudan a servir una taza de caf\u00e9 o te, y ayudan a nuestros dedos a cerrar una puerta con la llave.
\nEstos tres calvos activos parecen tener el mismo efecto de secuencia de transmisiones como ocurre en un televisor. Al igual que tres interruptores electr\u00f3nicos reciben las se\u00f1ales del un sat\u00e9lite de una estaci\u00f3n de televisi\u00f3n y reflejan las im\u00e1genes en la pantalla, estos tres clavos reciben las se\u00f1ales que memorizamos de las posturas de tai chi chuan en la mente y se transmiten al cuerpo.
\nSi los movimientos del Tai Chi Chuan son el resultado de la transmisi\u00f3n de se\u00f1ales de la mente al cuerpo los tres clavos gu\u00edan los movimientos del cuerpo, no la cintura. La cintura era considerada en los textos cl\u00e1sicos del Tai Chi Chuan como el inicio de la direcci\u00f3n de los movimientos del cuerpo, pero eso es solo la parte de un punto de vista externo del cuerpo. El proceso de esta transmisi\u00f3n deber\u00eda empezar en los pies; en los textos cl\u00e1sicos se debe haber pasado por alto algunos detalles pues hay procesos a\u00fan m\u00e1s sutiles que los de la cintura; las actividades de los tres clavos activos requieren mucha sensibilidad y atenci\u00f3n. Los tres clavos tienen una actividad no visible, no se mueven. En los movimientos de Tai Chi Chuan, uno puede ver claramente el giro de la cintura, y c\u00f3mo el cuerpo la sigue as\u00ed como los brazos. De esto se podr\u00eda deducir que la cintura es la que ordena.
\nMis estudios sobre la mec\u00e1nica del cuerpo indican que los tres clavos activos son en realidad los que controlan el muslo, que controla a su vez a todo el cuerpo. A principios de los 60 experiment\u00e9 que el giro del cuerpo estaba dirigido por los m\u00fasculos del muslo, por lo que pens\u00e9 que el muslo era el que guiaba. Al practicar los movimientos lentos, me parec\u00eda que los m\u00fasculos del muslo ayudaban a hacer posible los giros y movimientos del resto del cuerpo. No fue hasta mediados de los 80, cuando empec\u00e9 a darme cuenta de que el muslo por s\u00ed mismo no ten\u00eda facultades para hacer ning\u00fan giro o movimiento sin la ayuda del pie que estaba firmemente enraizado en el suelo. Por eso, el pie enraizado y los tres clavos activos llevan la orden y el control del cuerpo para hacer los giros y movimientos y llevarlos a los dedos y los pu\u00f1os.
\nLos tres clavos activos, o los puntos de apoyo en el pie, forman una base que ofrece estabilidad en cualquier condici\u00f3n y bajo cualquier actividad f\u00edsica. Mientras se est\u00e1 bailando, andando, jugando al golf \u00f3 al tenis, los tres clavos activos crean la estabilidad y firmeza necesaria para cada actividad en concreto. Sin la capacidad de poder enraizar de los tres clavos, no se podr\u00edan realizar actividades corporales.
\nLa opini\u00f3n generalizada en el Tai Chi Chuan es que deber\u00eda enraizarse el punto denominado “El Manantial”, que se encuentra justo detr\u00e1s del metatarso. “El Manantial” es un punto aislado, y es el comienzo de un meridiano importante. Este punto es importante para la circulaci\u00f3n de la energ\u00eda, pero no necesariamente para los actos o movimientos f\u00edsicos. Est\u00e1 basado en principios matem\u00e1ticos y f\u00edsicos, tres puntos determinan un plano, y tres colores b\u00e1sicos se combinan entre s\u00ed para crear los dem\u00e1s. Nosotros necesitamos la combinaci\u00f3n de tres elementos, tales como los tres clavos activos, para poder ejecutar todo tipo de actividades corporales. “El Manantial\u201d no es capaz por si solo de producir los movimientos de Tai Chi Chuan o cualquier otra actividad f\u00edsica.
\nAun aunque el pie este firmemente enraizado en el suelo, sin el soporte del \u201cTan Tien\u201d, las acciones de los tres clavos estar\u00edan inactivas. La mente asigna la se\u00f1al a los clavos, y el \u201cTan Tien comprime le energ\u00eda abajo a los tres clavos. Los tres clavos activos transmiten las se\u00f1ales a trav\u00e9s del muslo hacia los dedos, las manos, los pu\u00f1os o al otro pie, donde quiera que las acciones est\u00e9n teniendo lugar.
\nDespu\u00e9s de un intensivo examen y control de los movimientos interiores he descubierto los componentes ocultos, los tres clavos activos, que pueden activar el m\u00fasculo del muslo. La combinaci\u00f3n de estos m\u00fasculos puede proteger las articulaciones de la pierna y dar al cuerpo estabilidad y fuerza. Pueden cargar con el peso del cuerpo y preparar la fuerza necesaria para las actividades b\u00e1sicas como andar, correr y saltar. Est\u00e1n, adem\u00e1s, en disposici\u00f3n de absorber la energ\u00eda acumulada de estas acciones en la articulaci\u00f3n del pie y la rodilla, as\u00ed como sobrellevar las posturas de Tai Chi Chuan y producir sus delicados movimientos. Debajo del m\u00fasculo del muslo est\u00e1 el sartorio, que es el m\u00e1s importante. Este m\u00fasculo posee mucha fuerza y es adem\u00e1s el m\u00fasculo m\u00e1s largo del cuerpo. Tiene su origen en la pelvis y cruza el muslo en forma de espiral hacia la parte interna de la rodilla y une la r\u00f3tula a la parte inferior del muslo.
\nEn los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os muchos practicantes de Tai Chi Chuan se quejan de dolores en las rodillas. El motivo de esto puede ser demasiada relajaci\u00f3n en la zona de la rodilla por lo que \u00e9sta se dobla o se hunde con demasiada presi\u00f3n en la pierna que soporta el peso.
\nEsta hipotensi\u00f3n podr\u00eda llevar a largo plazo a una debilitaci\u00f3n del m\u00fasculo sartorio y\/o de los m\u00fasculos sin\u00e9rgicos. Sin embargo, estos mismos, si tuviera un tono muscular fuerte, son los que ayudar\u00edan a la rodilla a reducir las molestias producidas por el peso de la parte superior del cuerpo. La ra\u00edz en los tres clavos y la transmisi\u00f3n de se\u00f1ales se encargan de crear una energ\u00eda adecuada para as\u00ed descargar a la rodilla de la presi\u00f3n de tanto peso.
\nCuando los tres clavos se agarren firmemente al suelo, el cuerpo y la mente se relajan. Al mismo tiempo las articulaciones se abren en un cuerpo ya relajado y una mente tranquila, los m\u00fasculos se suavizan y todos los meridianos y recipientes comienzan a abrirse. Esto permite que la energ\u00eda interior fluya sin esfuerzo y que la parte superior del cuerpo se mueva en libertad, sin perder la ra\u00edz. Esta permanecer\u00e1 firme y s\u00f3lida para poder obtener los movimientos lentos y perfectamente fluidos del estilo Yang de Tai Chi Chuan.
\n\u201cMi objetivo es hacer el Tai Chi Chuan f\u00e1cil, simple, natural, agradable y productivo\u201d<\/p>\n

Attributes of Yin and Yang
\nYin is the female
\npassive intuitive receiving force        Yang is the male
\nstrong creative force        
\nAssociated with the earth        Associated with heaven        
\nThe earth is the source of all physical life        The heavens are in motion and bring about change        
\nYin is associated with the following properties        Yang is associated with the following properties        \"wpid-yin-yang-spring-and-autumn-gloria-di-simone-2014-08-25-04-24.jpg\"<\/span>
\nNight        Day        
\nDark        Light        
\nRain        Sunshine        
\nWater        Fire        
\nCold        Heat        
\nWinter        Summer        
\nAutumn        Spring        
\nOdd Numbers        Even Numbers        
\nThe Moon        The Sun        
\nNorth        South        
\nWest        East        
\nRight        Left        
\nDown        Up        
\nIntuition        Intellect        
\nPassive        Active        
\nStatic        Dynamic        
\nContraction        Expansion        
\nDecreasing        Increasing        
\nConservative        Innovative        
\nTraditional        Reformative        
\nValley        Mountain        
\nRiver        Desert        
\nCurve        Straight Line        
\nSoft        Hard        
\nSolidifying        Dissolving        
\nPsychological        Physical        
\nAstral        Observable        
\nDragon        Tiger        
\nKidneys Heart Liver Lungs        Bladder Intestines Skin
\nNorth side of a hill        South side of a hill        
\nAway from the sun        Toward the sun<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

William C. C. Chen Tai Chi Chuan An Internal System from http:\/\/www.williamccchen.com\/ The slow motion of T\u2019ai Chi Ch\u2019uan activates an internal energy (qi) flow in the fingers. When the… Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8842"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8842\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vivesur.com\/wpblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}